Polycystic Kidney Disease - PKD

Polycystic kidney disease or PKD is an inherited condition in cats that causes multiple cysts (pockets of fluid) to form in the kidneys. These cysts are present from birth. Initially, they are very small but they grow larger over time and may eventually disrupt kidney function resulting in kidney failure.

Unfortunately, PKD1 does not have a strong clinical presentation. The presentation of PKD1 is similar to one of the most common causes of death for any cat, renal failure. Thus, PKD1 has gone unnoticed for many years and has spread throughout the Persian breed. Any breed that has used Persians in their foundation or propagation should have concerns for PKD1.

How is polycystic kidney disease inherited?

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) has been shown to be inherited as a single autosomal dominant gene, meaning one copy of the mutation is required. Only one parent must be a carrier to produce affected offspring.

How prevalent is PKD?

It is estimated over 37% of Persians have polycystic kidney disease (PKD), a breed that accounts for nearly 80% of the cat fancy. Many lines and catteries have been able to greatly reduce this frequency by using ultrasound screening methods and improved breeding practices.

PKD Treatment

There is no specific treatment for polycystic kidney disease (PKD), as the disease causes similar clinical signs to those seen in cats with chronic kidney disease. Special diets, fluid therapy, and medications to reduce nausea and vomiting and to block the absorption of phosphorus are often used to treat the symptoms of kidney failure.

Resources

https://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/services/pkd1.php

https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/kidney-disease-polycystic-kidney-disease-in-cats